(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval time. The earliest men lived like brutes. Individuals fought among themselves and strong destroyed the weak, for that is the law of jungle --- the law of irrational life. But man was not an animal. He possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions, and man gave up the laws of jungle and evolved his own rational law. Men saw that the law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they have souls and the strength of a being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other than the power to hack and hew and tear and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in reasoning tools, or in controlling the actions of other rational beings by the power of song and speech. Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves but should be working together and giving one another opportunities to develop their respective strength. This was the first step in man's progress. By this means men gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
QUESTIONS
(i) How did the earliest men live?
Ans. The earliest men lived like brutes. They followed the law of jungle. Individuals fought among themselves and strong destroyed the weak.
(ii) What is the law of jungle?
Ans. The law of jungle means 'might is right'. The strong destroyed the weak. The man who can dominate and establish his power over his fellow beings may be the king of that society. According to this law the strong is the sole powerful.
(iii) What did men learn to do when his reason developed?
Ans. When reason developed, the mind of man got illuminated. He came to know that he should make good relations with other fellow beings of the society.
(iv) How were men convinced that they were the best creation of God?
Ans. When reason developed, man realized that he has soul and the strength of a being. He gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Precis
On the basis of his rational faculties, mankind developed from irrational brutal life of medieval times to a cultured man. When his reason developed, it illuminated his mind which made him to realize the value of friendship against enmity. In this way he proved himself to be the best creation of God.
Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval time. The earliest men lived like brutes. Individuals fought among themselves and strong destroyed the weak, for that is the law of jungle --- the law of irrational life. But man was not an animal. He possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions, and man gave up the laws of jungle and evolved his own rational law. Men saw that the law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they have souls and the strength of a being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other than the power to hack and hew and tear and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in reasoning tools, or in controlling the actions of other rational beings by the power of song and speech. Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves but should be working together and giving one another opportunities to develop their respective strength. This was the first step in man's progress. By this means men gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
QUESTIONS
(i) How did the earliest men live?
Ans. The earliest men lived like brutes. They followed the law of jungle. Individuals fought among themselves and strong destroyed the weak.
(ii) What is the law of jungle?
Ans. The law of jungle means 'might is right'. The strong destroyed the weak. The man who can dominate and establish his power over his fellow beings may be the king of that society. According to this law the strong is the sole powerful.
(iii) What did men learn to do when his reason developed?
Ans. When reason developed, the mind of man got illuminated. He came to know that he should make good relations with other fellow beings of the society.
(iv) How were men convinced that they were the best creation of God?
Ans. When reason developed, man realized that he has soul and the strength of a being. He gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Evolution of Human Faculties
(vi) Make a precis of the passage. Precis
On the basis of his rational faculties, mankind developed from irrational brutal life of medieval times to a cultured man. When his reason developed, it illuminated his mind which made him to realize the value of friendship against enmity. In this way he proved himself to be the best creation of God.
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